The Ha Noi Opera House is renowned for its uinique architecture and good composition. It is rationally and harmoniously furnished. Since its establishment, the Hanoi Opera House is the largest theatre in Vietnam. Its construction started in 1901 and was completed in 1911. Previously the site was a big pond, adjacent to the city gate of Tay Long (also called Tay Luong) of the ancient Thang Long capital. The construction met with many difficulties, because the foundations of the theatre were built on the pond. Before building a concrete foundation, nearly one metre thick, the pond was emptied and dredged, then 30,000 hard bamboo stakes were placed on its bed. The Hanoi Opera House is of the same architectural style as the Opera House in Paris, France. Some foreign architects said that due to being built nearly 300 years after the Paris Opera House, the Hanoi Opera House avoids superfluous architectural details, which make it more magnificent and attractive.

After nearly 100 years of operation, the theatre's equipment and adornments became old and run down. In 1997, the theatre was repaired and modernized under the management of two Vietnamese French architects, Ho Thieu Tri and Hoang Phuc Sinh. The original architecture of the 3-storey theatre has remained.The decorarive designs on the ceiling,arches, walls, and doors were renewed. The 3-metre-high stage and the audience's hall, with 600 seats, were also modernized in conformity with international standards. The theatre has been equipped with state-of-the art facilities and appliances, compatible for all types of artistic performances, from folk music and songs, ballets and piano to classical opera, reformed opera, Vietnamese operetta and drama. Tran Trong Hung, Director of the Hanoi Opera House said that after the theatre was renewed, quite a few theatrical festivals, traditional performances and international artistic programmes were organised. They were performances of the Hanoi Symphony Orchestra and the Vietnam Symphony Orchestra, classical opera, reformed opera and Vietnamese operetta and all made great impressions on the audience. The Hanoi Opera House has also successfully organised many large-scale international concerts, with the latest being a programme of the Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra playing the Ninth Symphony by Beethoven. Director Tran Trong Hung said: "This is really a festival of Vietnamese music in particular and the world in general".