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THE QUOC NGU
Modern Vietnamese literature finds its roots during the French colonial period, when popularisation of the romanised script quoc ngu finally allowed it to break free from the restrictions of classical Chinese literature.
Originally devised by French Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes (1591-1660) as a means of propagating Roman Catholicism, quoc ngu became a cornerstone of the French colonial educational system in the late 19th century and was initially rejected by Confucian scholars such as Nguyen Dinh Chieu, who referred to quoc ngu as 'the script of heretics'. However, following the "Renovation" movement of 1907 Vietnamese intellectuals began to realise the potential value of quoc ngu as a medium for disseminating patriotic and anti-colonial ideas.
As literacy gradually spread throughout the country, the development of modern printing methods facilitated the production of books, newspapers and magazines in quoc ngu and both journalism and literature written in the romanised script began to flourish.
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